LEXINGTON, Neb. - Home is a shabby
apartment building on the outskirts of town. Work is the late shift at a
meatpacking plant.
This is Degmo Ali's life. And it seems to have been misplaced in this
rural town: Dressed in ornate African garb, the graceful 24-year-old is hard
to picture on a Nebraska slaughterhouse floor.
"I want to go back," she says, referring to her native Somalia.
While Ali dreams of returning to the country she fled as a refugee after
her father was killed in the political violence that has wracked Somalia for
nearly two decades, she's comforted by the fact she is not alone in this
town of 10,250 - far from it.
For years, Hispanic immigrants have moved to small and mid-sized
meatpacking towns like Lexington that dot the rural heartland, taking
slaughterhouse jobs considered to be some of the most dangerous in the
country. Now Africans are coming, drawn by a combination of factors - from a
six-state federal raid that cleared illegal Hispanic immigrants from packing
houses, to word-of-mouth advertising of meatpacking jobs by African refugees
who want to flee big U.S. cities.
The change has been a sometimes jarring one, coming at a time when towns
such as Lexington are still struggling to adapt to the large influx of
Hispanics. In a poll last year of rural residents by the University of
Nebraska-Lincoln, just 14 percent of respondents said Latin American
immigration had been good for rural Nebraska. And immigration from Africa?
"When we first moved here, they used to look at us funny, but it's all
right now," said Somali refugee Omar Abib, who works at the Tyson Foods
meatpacking plant. The articulate, serious Abib, who has some college
education, originally settled in Texas and slaughtered chickens.
He heard about Lexington, like many others, from a friend. He was
attracted to the job, cheap living in a quiet town, and the chance to be
surrounded by other Somalians.
"It's a good town with good money. The job is hard, but the money is
good," Abib said inside a small apartment he shares with several of his
countrymen.
Just how many African refugees have moved to Lexington and other
meatpacking towns across the Midwest is unclear. But refugee resettlement
officials and local immigration specialists say there has been a sharp
increase.
A few years ago, Ana Castaneda barely knew what a refugee was. An
immigration specialist with Lutheran Family Services who helps immigrants in
Lexington get legal status.
"I have more African refugees now than Hispanics," as clients, Castaneda
said. "I always thought there would be more Hispanics looking for benefits,
it surprised me."
"They start in big cities - New York, Columbus, Ohio - and this is really
good for them," Castaneda said. Ali came to Lexington from Seattle. "They're
kind of afraid of a lot of people and traffic and the freeways, they're not
used to that. They don't come from big cities originally, they come from
rural areas."
Conveniences most Amricans take for granted are sometimes completely
foreign. One problem landlords faced when African refugees first began
flowing into Lexington: burning wood on top of indoor stovetops to cook
food.
"They may not have seen an automobile or a telephone," said Christine
Kutschkau, the state coordinator for refugee resettlement. "Some of our
refugees come from very primitive areas."
The rapid change in towns like Lexington has been a shock to the system
of services immigrants rely on, such as health care. Kutschkau said there
has been a shortage of medicine for an influx of refugees who needed to be
treated for tuberculosis.
Because of trauma from experiences that drove them from their home
countries, many also need mental-health services, she said.
The word-of-mouth advertising about Nebraska that is passed among
refugees in distant U.S. cities gained steam late last year after U.S.
Immigration and Customs Enforcement officials raided Swift & Co. meatpacking
plants in six states, including the one in Grand Island. It resulted in
1,200 arrests at the plants in December.
Word of the raids and open jobs encouraged many refugees to come to the
state. And the new and growing population is self-perpetuating: As more
Africans live in rural Nebraska, more Africans may come to live alongside
them.
Some, however, have lived the life of Ali long enough to aspire to more
than long days in a small-town slaughterhouse.
Asha Mohamed, a fresh-faced, charismatic young woman who moved to
Lexington from Minneapolis dreams of going to California, maybe New York.
"It's too hard," she said of her life now.